John Hay, a fellow Scotch manufacturer of bobbins in Allegheny City, needed a boy, and asked whether I would not go into his service.
In his autobiography, Carnegie writes about the hardships he had to endure with this new job. But Carnegie attracted the attention of John Hay, a Scottish manufacturer of bobbins, who offered him a job for $2.00 per week ($63 by 2021 inflation). His father quit his position at the cotton mill soon after, returning to his loom and removing him as breadwinner once again. His starting wage was $1.20 per week ($38 by 2021 inflation). Carnegie's first job in 1848 was as a bobbin boy, changing spools of thread in a cotton mill 12 hours a day, 6 days a week in a Pittsburgh cotton factory. Eventually, the father and son both received job offers at the same Scottish-owned cotton mill, Anchor Cotton Mills. Carnegie's father struggled to sell his product on his own. In September 1848, Carnegie arrived with his family in Allegheny. Carnegie's migration to America would be his second journey outside Dunfermline – the first being an outing to Edinburgh to see Queen Victoria. and move to Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in the United States in 1848 for the prospect of a better life. Struggling to make ends meet, the Carnegies then decided to borrow money from George Lauder, Sr. His mother helped support the family by assisting her brother and by selling potted meats at her "sweetie shop", leaving her as the primary breadwinner. When Carnegie was 12, his father had fallen on very hard times as a handloom weaver making matters worse, the country was in starvation. Lauder's son, also named George Lauder, grew up with Carnegie and became his business partner. Ĭarnegie's maternal uncle, Scottish political leader George Lauder, Sr., deeply influenced him as a boy by introducing him to Robert Burns' writings and historical Scottish heroes such as Robert the Bruce, William Wallace, and Rob Roy.
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He was educated at the Free School in Dunfermline, a gift to the town from the philanthropist Adam Rolland of Gask. In 1836, the family moved to a larger house in Edgar Street (opposite Reid's Park), following the demand for more heavy damask, from which his father benefited. He was named after his paternal grandfather. The main room served as a living room, dining room and bedroom. With the fortune he made from business, he built Carnegie Hall in New York, NY, and the Peace Palace and founded the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Carnegie Hero Fund, Carnegie Mellon University, and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, among others.īirthplace of Andrew Carnegie in Dunfermline, ScotlandĪndrew Carnegie was born to Margaret Morrison Carnegie and William Carnegie in Dunfermline, Scotland, in a typical weaver's cottage with only one main room, consisting of half the ground floor, which was shared with the neighboring weaver's family. Rockefeller as the richest American for the next several years.Ĭarnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale philanthropy, with special emphasis on local libraries, world peace, education, and scientific research. After selling Carnegie Steel, he surpassed John D. Morgan in 1901 for $303,450,000 it formed the basis of the U.S. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which he sold to J. He accumulated further wealth as a bond salesman, raising money for American enterprise in Europe. Carnegie started work as a telegrapher, and by the 1860s had investments in railroads, railroad sleeping cars, bridges, and oil derricks. His 1889 article proclaiming " The Gospel of Wealth" called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society, expressed support for progressive taxation and an estate tax, and stimulated a wave of philanthropy.Ĭarnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848 at age 12.
During the last 18 years of his life, he gave away around $350 million (roughly $5.5 billion in 2021), almost 90 percent of his fortune, to charities, foundations and universities. He became a leading philanthropist in the United States and in the British Empire. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and became one of the richest Americans in history. Carnegie as he appears in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C.Īndrew Carnegie ( Scots:, English: / k ɑːr ˈ n ɛ ɡ i/ kar- NEG-ee November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist.
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